The purpose of this paper is to (1) find out social and economic changes which require a reassement of public pension systems throughout the world and influence their reform, (2) to analyze pension reform strategies and classify them into some categories, and (3) to abstract characteristics in pension reform of each country and derive classification models between states.
These days, public pension systems throughout the world are facing substantial pressures associated with economic and social changes. Among them, there are demographic ageing of populations, globalization of the economy, changes of labour behavior and labor market problems, the change in family structure, and low compliance.
With various reform strategies, each country is making efforts to adapt its public pension systems to social and economic change, and ultimately to make them affordable and sustainable. Reform stratifies can be classified into four categories by the intention of them, : (a) the consolidation of financial base. (b) retrenchment of public pension expenditure, (c) sufficient income security in old-age, and (d) expansion of private pension.
As most of states tend to adopt various strategies in more than one of the above four categories, it may be difficult to appreciate the nature of pension reform in each state. For purpose to help understand it, this paper suggests some models to distinguish the differences between states. Each Models are based on (a) region, (b) whether reform is fundmental or not, (c) relative role between public and private pensions, and (d) the use of three standards : administerative organization structure, benefit calculation method, and uni-or multile pension system.
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